Standard technical abbreviations and acronyms（气象论文中的标准缩写汇总）

飓风翻译

1D

one-dimensional

2D

two-dimensional

3D

three-dimensional

3DVAR (also variations, e.g., 3D-Var)

three-dimensional variational dataassimilation

4DVAR (also variations, e.g., 4D-Var)

four-dimensional variational dataassimilation

A

ABL

atmospheric boundary layer

ac

alternating current

AD

anno Domini

ADCP

acoustic Doppler current profiler

AGCM

atmospheric general circulation model

AGL

above ground level

AM

amplitude modulation

AMO

Atlantic multidecadal oscillation

ANOVA

analysis of variance

APEX

autonomous profiling explorer

AXBT

airborne XBT

AXCTD

airborne expendable CTD

B

BP

before present

BT (XBT)

bathythermograph (expendable)

C

CAPE

convective available potential energy

CAPPI

constant-altitude plan position indicator

CAT

clear-air turbulence

CBL

convective boundary layer

CCN

cloud condensation nuclei

CDF

cumulative distribution function

CFL

Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy

cgs

centimeter-gram-second

CIN

convective inhibition

CONUS

contiguous/conterminous United States

cos

cosine

cpd

cycles per day

cpy

cycles per year

CTD

conductivity–temperature–depth

D

dc

direct current

DEM

digital elevation model

DJF

December–February

DSD

drop size distribution

E

EF scale

enhanced Fujita scale (EF#)

EHI

energy–helicity index

EM-APEX

electromagnetic autonomous profilingexplorer

emf

electromotive force

EnKF

ensemble Kalman filter

ENSO

El Niño–Southern Oscillation

EOF

empirical orthogonal function

Eq.

equation

ERB

earth radiation budget

erf

error function

erfc

error function (complement of)

et al.

et alia/ii/iae (and others)

etc.

et cetera

ETS

equitable threat score

EUV

extreme ultraviolet

F

F scale

Fujita scale (F#)

FAR

false alarm rate (or ratio)

FDDA

four-dimensional data assimilation

FFT

fast Fourier transform

Fig.

figure

FM

frequency modulation

G

GBVTD

ground-based velocity track display

GCM

general circulation model (OR globalclimate model)

GIS

geographic information system

GPS

global positioning system

H

HF

high frequency

HVAR

hybrid variational scheme

Hz, cps

cycles per second

I

IGY

International Geophysical Year

Im

imaginary part

IOP

intensive observing/observation period

IR

infrared

ITCZ

intertropical convergence zone

IWC

ice water content

J

JEBAR

joint effect of baroclinicity and relief

JJA

June–August

K

KdV

Korteweg–de Vries

KPP

K-profile parameterization

L

LAI

leaf area index

LCL

lifting condensation level

LES

large-eddy simulation

LFC

level of free convection

lhs

left-hand side

LSM

land surface model

LST

local standard time

LT

local time

LWC

liquid water content

LWP

liquid water path

M

MAE

mean absolute error

MAM

March–May

MBL

marine boundary layer

MCS

mesoscale convective system

METAR

aviation routine weather report

min

minute

MJO

Madden–Julian oscillation

mks

meter-kilogram-second

MODE

Method for Object-Based DiagnosticEvaluation

mol wt

molecular weight

MOS

model output statistics

MSL

above mean sea level

MUCAPE

most unstable CAPE

MUCIN

most unstable CIN

MYJ

Mellor–Yamada–Janji?

MYNN

Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino

N

NAO

North Atlantic Oscillation

NDVI

normalized difference vegetation index

NH

Northern Hemisphere

NWP

numerical weather prediction

O

ODE

ordinary differential equation

OGCM

ocean GCM

OLR

outgoing longwave radiation

OSSE

observing system simulation experiment

P

PBL

planetary boundary layer

PCA

principal component analysis

PDE

partial differential equation

PDF/pdf

probability density/distributionfunction

PDO

Pacific decadal oscillation

PDSI

Palmer drought severity index

PM2.5; PM10

particulate matter that is smaller than2.5 (10) μm in diameter

POD

probability of detection

PoP

probability of precipitation

ppb

parts per billion

PPI

plan position indicator

ppm

parts per million

ppmv

parts per million by volume

PRF

pulse repetition frequency

psu

practical salinity unit

PV

potential vorticity

Q

QBO

quasi-biennial oscillation

QPE

quantitative precipitation estimation

QPF

quantitative precipitation forecast

R

R/V

research vessel

RAFOS

not an acronym; no expansion

Re

real part

RH

relative humidity

RHI

range–height indicator

rhs

right-hand side

rms/RMS

root-mean-square

rmse/RMSE

root-mean-square error

RMW

radius of maximum winds

RT

radiative transfer

S

SACZ

South Atlantic convergence zone

SH

Southern Hemisphere

SI units

International System of Units

SLP

sea level pressure

SNR

signal-to-noise ratio

SOFAR

sound fixing and ranging

SOI

Southern Oscillation index

SON

September–November

SPCZ

South Pacific convergence zone

SSA

sea surface anomaly

SSH

sea surface height

SST

sea surface temperature

SSTA

sea surface temperature anomaly

STEM/STEAM

science, technology, engineering (arts),and math

STP

significant tornado parameter

STP

standard temperature and pressure

SVAT

soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer

SVD

singular value decomposition

SWE

snow water equivalent

T

THC

thermohaline circulation

TKE

turbulent/turbulence kinetic energy

TOA

top of the atmosphere

TPW

total precipitable water

U

UHF

ultrahigh-frequency

UHI

urban heat island

UTC

coordinated universal time

UTM

universal transverse Mercator

UV

ultraviolet

V

VAD

velocity–azimuth display

VHF

very high frequency

VIL

vertically integrated liquid watercontent

W

w.r.t.

with respect to

WDM6

WRF double-moment 6-class

WES

wind–evaporation–SST [often with“feedback”]

WISHE

wind-induced surface heat exchange

WKBJ

Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin–Jeffreys(sometimes just WKB)

X

XBT

expendable bathythermograph

XCTD

expendable CTD

Y

yr

year