wavewatch3模型在ubuntu18.04上安装提示无法找到‘prnc.o’文件的问题？

风里来雨里去 · 发表于 2018-9-26 21:12:25

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最近在ubuntu18.04上安装海浪模拟模型wavewatch3 5.16，但是遇到诸多问题，目前的问题是在w3_make之后，**提示prnc.o文件无法找到**，如下：

* * * * * Processing ww3_prnc
* * * * * ---------------------
* * * * * ad3 : processing ww3_prnc
* * * * * mv: 无法获取'ww3_prnc.o' 的文件状态(stat): 没有那个文件或目录
* * * * * Linking ww3_prnc
* * * * * *** file ww3_prnc.o not found ***
* * * * * *** Missing object files ***
* * * * * makefile:87: recipe for target '/home/zhaojiaqing/exe/ww3_prnc' failed
* * * make: *** [/home/zhaojiaqing/exe/ww3_prnc] Error 3
- watchwatch3模型在安装时指定的编译器是ifort和icc，目前怀疑是netcdf安装出现问题，但是不知道具体问题何在？网上查找他人的安装过程，在安装netcdf时，安装的是libnetcdf6或者libnetcdf7，但是我在sudo apt-get install libnetcdf6或者7时，提示无法找到安装包，只有libnetcdf13，不知道是源的原因还是libnetcdf6或7被下架了？
  另外，netcdf的环境变量配置如下：不知道是否有错
- * * * * * export WWATCH3_NETCDF=NC
- * * * * export NETCDF_CONFIG=/usr/bin/nc-config
- 据说安装netcdf时使用的编译器要和安装模型时的一致，不知道该怎样将netcdf编译器指定为ifort和icc？
  小白提问，还请大佬们多多指教，超级感谢！

islandowner · 发表于 2018-9-27 09:20:05

建议手动安装
安装netcdf-4.1.3
./configure --prefix=/app/netcdf CC=gcc CXX=g++ FC=gfortran F77=gfortran
make
make install
设置环境变量
export PATH=/app/netcdf/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/app/netcdf/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
检查
ncdump （出现使用提示即可）

风里来雨里去 · 发表于 2018-9-30 08:13:17

islandowner 发表于 2018-9-27 09:20
建议手动安装
安装netcdf-4.1.3
./configure --prefix=/app/netcdf CC=gcc CXX=g++ FC=gfortran F77=gfor ...

你好，我按照csdn一位博主的方法，手动安装了netcef，版本为4.3.2，配置了相关环境变量，运行ncdump后有显示结果，但是在运行w3_make时仍然提示“无法获取'ww3_prnc.o' 的文件状态(stat)”，我的系统是ubuntu18.04，gcc和gfortran已经经过降级，版本号为4.8.5，安装ww3 5.16模型时选择的编译器为gcc和gfortran，相关文件信息如下，求指导：

zhaojiaqing@jiaqing:/$ ncdump
ncdump [-c|-h] [-v ...] [[-b|-f] [c|f]] [-l len] [-n name] [-p n[,n]] [-k] [-x] [-s] [-t|-i] [-g ...] [-w] file
[-c] Coordinate variable data and header information
[-h] Header information only, no data
[-v var1[,...]] Data for variable(s) <var1>,... only
[-b [c|f]] Brief annotations for C or Fortran indices in data
[-f [c|f]] Full annotations for C or Fortran indices in data
[-l len] Line length maximum in data section (default 80)
[-n name] Name for netCDF (default derived from file name)
[-p n[,n]] Display floating-point values with less precision
[-k] Output kind of netCDF file
[-s] Output special (virtual) attributes
[-t] Output time data as date-time strings
[-i] Output time data as date-time strings with ISO-8601 'T' separator
[-g grp1[,...]] Data and metadata for group(s) <grp1>,... only
[-w] With client-side caching of variables for DAP URLs
[-x] Output XML (NcML) instead of CDL
file Name of netCDF file (or URL if DAP access enabled)
netcdf library version 4.3.2 of Sep 28 2018 21:45:52 $

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[/code]

环境变量配置如下：

export PATH=$PATH:/home/zhaojiaqing/wwatch3.v5.16/bin
export PATH=$PATH:/home/zhaojiaqing/wwatch3.v5.16/exe
export WWATCH3_NETCDF=NC4
export NETCDF_CONFIG=/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/bin/nc-config
# export NETCDF_CONFIG=/usr/bin/nc-config/path
#安装了icc和ifort，但是目前并未使，目前是使用gcc和gfortran
alias ifort='/opt/intel/compilers_and_libraries/linux/bin/intel64/ifort'
alias icc='/opt/intel/compilers_and_libraries/linux/bin/intel64/icc'
source /opt/intel/bin/ifortvars.sh intel64
source /opt/intel/bin/iccvars.sh intel64
#netcdf4.4
export NETCDF=/usr/local/netcdf4-needed
export PATH=$NETCDF/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$NETCDF/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export CPPFLAGS='-I/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/include'
export LDFLAGS='-L/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/lib'

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islandowner · 发表于 2018-9-30 09:01:52

没装过这个，不过你需要提供更多的具体信息

islandowner · 发表于 2018-9-30 09:02:26

把错误的log文件，关键部分贴出来

风里来雨里去 · 发表于 2018-9-30 11:18:57

islandowner 发表于 2018-9-30 09:01
没装过这个，不过你需要提供更多的具体信息

好的，以下是安装过程中报错信息及其他文件信息：
1、进行w3_make时提示的错误信息

Processing ww3_prnc
---------------------
ad3 : processing ww3_prnc
mv: 无法获取'ww3_prnc.o' 的文件状态(stat): 没有那个文件或目录
Linking ww3_prnc
*** file ww3_prnc.o not found ***
*** Missing object files ***
makefile:77: recipe for target '/home/zhaojiaqing/wwatch3.v5.16/exe/ww3_prnc' failed
make: *** [/home/zhaojiaqing/wwatch3.v5.16/exe/ww3_prnc] Error 3

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2、gcc版本信息

root@jiaqing:/# gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 4.8.5-4ubuntu8' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.8 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.8 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libmudflap --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.5 (Ubuntu 4.8.5-4ubuntu8)

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3、gfortran版本信息

root@jiaqing:/# gfortran -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gfortran
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 4.8.5-4ubuntu8' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.8 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.8 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libmudflap --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.5 (Ubuntu 4.8.5-4ubuntu8)

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4、NETCDF信息，netcdf-c，netcdf-fortran

root@jiaqing:/# nc-config --all
This netCDF 4.3.2 has been built with the following features:
--cc -> -I/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/include -I/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/include
--libs -> -L/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/lib -lnetcdf
gcc
--cflags -> --has-c++ -> no
--cxx ->
--has-c++4 -> no
--cxx4 ->
--fc ->
--fflags ->
--flibs ->
--has-f90 -> no
--has-dap -> no
--has-nc2 -> yes
--has-nc4 -> yes
--has-hdf5 -> yes
--has-hdf4 -> no
--has-pnetcdf-> no
--prefix -> /usr/local/netcdf4-needed
--includedir-> /usr/local/netcdf4-needed/include
--version -> netCDF 4.3.2

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root@jiaqing:/# nf-config --all
This netCDF-Fortran 4.4.1 has been built with the following features:
--cc -> gcc
--cflags -> -I/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/include -I/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/include
--fc -> gfortran
--fflags -> -I/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/include
--flibs -> -L/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/lib -lnetcdff -L/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/lib -lnetcdf -lnetcdf
--has-f90 -> no
--has-f03 -> yes
--has-nc2 -> yes
--has-nc4 -> yes
--prefix -> /usr/local/netcdf4-needed
--includedir-> /usr/local/netcdf4-needed/include
--version -> netCDF-Fortran 4.4.1

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5、ww3安装时设置的环境变量文件（选择的L）

#
# Environment variables for wavewatch III
# ---------------------------------------
#
WWATCH3_LPR printer
WWATCH3_F77 gfortran
WWATCH3_CC gcc
WWATCH3_DIR /home/zhaojiaqing/wwatch3.v5.16
WWATCH3_TMP /home/zhaojiaqing/wwatch3.v5.16/tmp
WWATCH3_SOURCE yes
WWATCH3_LIST yes

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风里来雨里去 · 发表于 2018-9-30 11:19:02

islandowner 发表于 2018-9-30 09:01
没装过这个，不过你需要提供更多的具体信息

好的，以下是安装过程中报错信息及其他文件信息：
1、进行w3_make时提示的错误信息

Processing ww3_prnc
---------------------
ad3 : processing ww3_prnc
mv: 无法获取'ww3_prnc.o' 的文件状态(stat): 没有那个文件或目录
Linking ww3_prnc
*** file ww3_prnc.o not found ***
*** Missing object files ***
makefile:77: recipe for target '/home/zhaojiaqing/wwatch3.v5.16/exe/ww3_prnc' failed
make: *** [/home/zhaojiaqing/wwatch3.v5.16/exe/ww3_prnc] Error 3

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2、gcc版本信息

root@jiaqing:/# gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 4.8.5-4ubuntu8' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.8 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.8 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libmudflap --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.5 (Ubuntu 4.8.5-4ubuntu8)

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3、gfortran版本信息

root@jiaqing:/# gfortran -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gfortran
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 4.8.5-4ubuntu8' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.8 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.8 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libmudflap --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.5 (Ubuntu 4.8.5-4ubuntu8)

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4、NETCDF信息，netcdf-c，netcdf-fortran

root@jiaqing:/# nc-config --all
This netCDF 4.3.2 has been built with the following features:
--cc -> -I/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/include -I/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/include
--libs -> -L/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/lib -lnetcdf
gcc
--cflags -> --has-c++ -> no
--cxx ->
--has-c++4 -> no
--cxx4 ->
--fc ->
--fflags ->
--flibs ->
--has-f90 -> no
--has-dap -> no
--has-nc2 -> yes
--has-nc4 -> yes
--has-hdf5 -> yes
--has-hdf4 -> no
--has-pnetcdf-> no
--prefix -> /usr/local/netcdf4-needed
--includedir-> /usr/local/netcdf4-needed/include
--version -> netCDF 4.3.2

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root@jiaqing:/# nf-config --all
This netCDF-Fortran 4.4.1 has been built with the following features:
--cc -> gcc
--cflags -> -I/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/include -I/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/include
--fc -> gfortran
--fflags -> -I/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/include
--flibs -> -L/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/lib -lnetcdff -L/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/lib -lnetcdf -lnetcdf
--has-f90 -> no
--has-f03 -> yes
--has-nc2 -> yes
--has-nc4 -> yes
--prefix -> /usr/local/netcdf4-needed
--includedir-> /usr/local/netcdf4-needed/include
--version -> netCDF-Fortran 4.4.1

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5、ww3安装时设置的环境变量文件（选择的L）

#
# Environment variables for wavewatch III
# ---------------------------------------
#
WWATCH3_LPR printer
WWATCH3_F77 gfortran
WWATCH3_CC gcc
WWATCH3_DIR /home/zhaojiaqing/wwatch3.v5.16
WWATCH3_TMP /home/zhaojiaqing/wwatch3.v5.16/tmp
WWATCH3_SOURCE yes
WWATCH3_LIST yes

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风里来雨里去 · 发表于 2018-9-30 11:40:29

islandowner 发表于 2018-9-30 09:02
把错误的log文件，关键部分贴出来

内容有点多，但十分渴望能给些许建议，泪奔了，超级感谢！
在运行w3_make报错“无法获取'ww3_prnc.o' 的文件状态(stat)”之后，在tep临时文件夹中有‘prnc.F90’和‘prnc.l’文件，同时在‘prnc.l’文件的最后几行，标有这样的信息：

------------
-c -g -O3 -static -fconvert=big-endian -J/home/zhaojiaqing/wwatch3.v5.16/mod -I/usr/local/netcdf4-needed/include -I/home/zhaojiaqing/wwatch3.v5.16/ftn
------------
------------
/home/zhaojiaqing/wwatch3.v5.16/bin/comp: 120: /home/zhaojiaqing/wwatch3.v5.16/bin/comp: -c: not found

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按照错误的提示，可能是在/bin/comp文件的 120行左右出现了错误，下面是comp文件第120行附近的代码：

118 # 2.b.2 Compile
119
120 $comp $opt $name.$fext > $name.out 2> $name.err
121 OK="$?"

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同时将完整的comp文件附上：

#!/bin/sh
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# comp : Compiler script for use in ad3 (customized for hardware and #
# optimization). Note that this script will not be replaced if part #
# of WAVEWATCH III is re-installed. Used by ad3. #
# #
# use : comp name #
# name: name of source code file without the extension. #
# #
# error codes : 1 : input error #
# 2 : no environment file $ww3_env found. #
# 3 : error in creating scratch directory. #
# 4 : w3adc error. #
# 5 : compiler error. #
# #
# remarks : #
# #
# - This script runs from the scratch directory, where it should remain. #
# #
# - For this script to interact with ad3, it needs to generate / leave #
# following files : #
# $name.f90 : Source code (generated by ad3). #
# $name.o : Object module. #
# $name.l : Listing file. #
# comp.stat : status file of compiler, containing number of errors #
# and number of warnings (generated by comp). #
# #
# - Upon (first) installation of WAVEWATCH III the user needs to check the #
# following parts of this script : #
# sec. 2.b : Provide correct compiler/options. #
# sec. 3.a : Provide correct error capturing. #
# sec. 3.d : Remove unnecessary files. #
# #
# - This version is made for the Intel ifort version 8.1 on a Pentium 4 #
# processor. #
# #
# Hendrik L. Tolman #
# April 2015 #
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# 1. Preparations #
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# 1.a Check and process input
if [ "$#" != '1' ]
then
echo "usage: comp name" ; exit 1
fi
name="$1"
# 1.b Initial clean-up - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
rm -f $name.l
rm -f $name.o
rm -f comp.stat
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# 2. Compile #
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# Add here the correct compiler call including command line options
# Note: - do not invoke a link step
# - if possible, generate a listing $name.l
# - make sure the compiler point to the proper directory where the
# modules are stored ($m_path), see examples below.
# 2.a Determine file extension - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# .f90 assumes free format, .f assumes fixed format, change if necessary
# *** file extension (fext) is set and exported by calling program (ad3) ***
# 2.b Perform compilation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# Save compiler exit code in $OK
#
# Intel compiler on Linux ----------------------------------------------------
# 2.b.1 Build options and determine compiler name
# compilation options
opt="-c -g -O3 -static -fconvert=big-endian -J$path_m"
# opt="-c -g -O0 -fbacktrace -fconvert=big-endian -J$path_m"
# mpi implementation
if [ "$mpi_mod" = 'yes' ]
then
comp=gfortran
else
comp=gfortran
fi
# open mpi implementation
if [ "$omp_mod" = 'yes' ]
then
opt="$opt -fopenmp"
fi
# oasis coupler include dir
if [ "$oasis_mod" = 'yes' ]
then
opt="$opt -I$OASISDIR/build/lib/psmile.MPI1"
fi
# palm coupler include dir
if [ "$palm_mod" = 'yes' ]
then
opt="$opt -I$PALM_LIBDIR -I$PALM_DIR"
fi
# netcdf include dir
if [ "$netcdf_compile" = 'yes' ]
then
case $WWATCH3_NETCDF in
NC3) opt="$opt -I$NETCDF_INCDIR" ;;
NC4) if [ "$mpi_mod" = 'no' ]; then comp="`$NETCDF_CONFIG --fc`"; fi
opt="$opt -I`$NETCDF_CONFIG --includedir`" ;;
esac
fi
# ftn include dir
opt="$opt -I$path_i"
# 2.b.2 Compile
$comp $opt $name.$fext > $name.out 2> $name.err
OK="$?"
# 2.b.2 Process listing
if [ -s $name.lst ]
then
mv $name.lst $name.l
fi
# 2.b.3 Add test output to listing for later viewing
if [ -s $name.l ]
then
echo '------------' >> $name.l
echo "$comp $opt" >> $name.l
echo '------------' >> $name.l
cat $name.out >> $name.l 2> /dev/null
echo '------------' >> $name.l
cat $name.err >> $name.l 2> /dev/null
echo '------------' >> $name.l
fi
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# 3. Postprocessing #
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# 3.a Capture errors
# nr_err : number of errors.
# nr_war : number of errors.
nr_err='0'
nr_war='0'
if [ -s $name.err ]
then
nr_err=`grep 'error' $name.err | wc -l | awk '{ print $1 }'`
nr_war=`grep 'warning' $name.err | wc -l | awk '{ print $1 }'`
else
if [ "$OK" != '0' ]
then
nr_err='1'
fi
fi
# 3.b Make file comp.stat - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
echo "ERROR $nr_err" > comp.stat
echo "WARNING $nr_war" >> comp.stat
# 3.c Prepare listing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# if compiler does not provide listing, make listing from source code
# and compiler messages. Second input line for w3list identifies if
# comment lines are to be numbered.
if [ ! -f $name.l ]
then
echo "$name.$fext" > w3list.inp
echo "T" >> w3list.inp
w3list < w3list.inp 2> /dev/null
rm -f w3list.inp
mv w3list.out $name.l
echo '------------' >> $name.l
echo "$comp $opt" >> $name.l
echo '------------' >> $name.l
cat $name.out >> $name.l #2> /dev/null
echo '------------' >> $name.l
cat $name.err >> $name.l #2> /dev/null
echo '------------' >> $name.l
fi
# 3.d Remove unwanted files - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# include here unwanted files generated by the compiler
rm -f $name.out
rm -f $name.err
# end of comp --------------------------------------------------------------- #

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islandowner · 发表于 2018-9-30 14:39:25

建议，把comp文件第76行中 opt="-c -g -O3 -static -fconvert=big-endian -J$path_m" ，把-c去掉，变成 opt=" -g -O3 -static -fconvert=big-endian -J$path_m" 试试

风里来雨里去 · 发表于 2018-9-30 21:59:58

islandowner 发表于 2018-9-30 14:39
建议，把comp文件第76行中 opt="-c -g -O3 -static -fconvert=big-endian -J$path_m" ，把-c去掉，变成 o ...

我刚刚试了下，去掉‘-c’选项以后，仍会报错，而且从第一个编译的文件开始就报错，所以这个应该是不行，然后我查了下gfortran编译的选项，‘-c’选项的意思应该是：“编译和汇编，但是不链接”，如下

zhaojiaqing@jiaqing:~$ gfortran --help
Usage: gfortran [options] file...
Options:
-pass-exit-codes Exit with highest error code from a phase
--help Display this information
--target-help Display target specific command line options
--help={common|optimizers|params|target|warnings|[^]{joined|separate|undocumented}}[,...]
Display specific types of command line options
(Use '-v --help' to display command line options of sub-processes)
--version Display compiler version information
-dumpspecs Display all of the built in spec strings
-dumpversion Display the version of the compiler
-dumpmachine Display the compiler's target processor
-print-search-dirs Display the directories in the compiler's search path
-print-libgcc-file-name Display the name of the compiler's companion library
-print-file-name=<lib> Display the full path to library <lib>
-print-prog-name=<prog> Display the full path to compiler component <prog>
-print-multiarch Display the target's normalized GNU triplet, used as
a component in the library path
-print-multi-directory Display the root directory for versions of libgcc
-print-multi-lib Display the mapping between command line options and
multiple library search directories
-print-multi-os-directory Display the relative path to OS libraries
-print-sysroot Display the target libraries directory
-print-sysroot-headers-suffix Display the sysroot suffix used to find headers
-Wa,<options> Pass comma-separated <options> on to the assembler
-Wp,<options> Pass comma-separated <options> on to the preprocessor
-Wl,<options> Pass comma-separated <options> on to the linker
-Xassembler <arg> Pass <arg> on to the assembler
-Xpreprocessor <arg> Pass <arg> on to the preprocessor
-Xlinker <arg> Pass <arg> on to the linker
-save-temps Do not delete intermediate files
-save-temps=<arg> Do not delete intermediate files
-no-canonical-prefixes Do not canonicalize paths when building relative
prefixes to other gcc components
-pipe Use pipes rather than intermediate files
-time Time the execution of each subprocess
-specs=<file> Override built-in specs with the contents of <file>
-std=<standard> Assume that the input sources are for <standard>
--sysroot=<directory> Use <directory> as the root directory for headers
and libraries
-B <directory> Add <directory> to the compiler's search paths
-v Display the programs invoked by the compiler
-### Like -v but options quoted and commands not executed
-E Preprocess only; do not compile, assemble or link
-S Compile only; do not assemble or link
-c Compile and assemble, but do not link
-o <file> Place the output into <file>
-pie Create a position independent executable
-shared Create a shared library
-x <language> Specify the language of the following input files
Permissible languages include: c c++ assembler none
'none' means revert to the default behavior of
guessing the language based on the file's extension
Options starting with -g, -f, -m, -O, -W, or --param are automatically
passed on to the various sub-processes invoked by gfortran. In order to pass
other options on to these processes the -W<letter> options must be used.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8/README.Bugs>.

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