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最近看文献了解到anusplin这个插值方法,昨天一天时间研究了一下,在@阿吉木柯帖子的帮助下(http://bbs.06climate.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=13347&highlight=anusplin),程序终于可以运行了,插值出来的栅格也能在arcgis中显示,但像元值为0,显然哪里出了问题,可能我哪一步出了差错。软件在上面那个帖子有,大家可以去下载,我也是用的她分享的anusplin4.2版本的软件。
操作如下:
a、数据准备:(空间投影坐标为alberts)
气象数据为某地区某年年降水数据:字段为站号、经度、纬度、高程、降雨量,在spss下设定完格式后转成“固定ASCii格式",后缀为了.dat:即rain.dat
协变量数据为该地1KM高程数据 由于我把高程做为协变量参与降水的插值,所以实现将该地区的DEM,在arcgis下转换成ASCII格式的DEM(dem.txt)
到这基本的数据整理完了(我的理解),将上述两个文件放到splina.exe和lapgrd.exe同目录下。
b、splina操作↓
SPLINA VERSION 4.2 09/09/01
COPYRIGHT AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TITLE OF FITTED SURFACES (60 CHARS):
-----------------------------------
rain
SURFACE VALUE UNITS CODE:
------------------------
0 - UNDEFINED
1 - METRES
2 - FEET
3 - KILOMETRES
4 - MILES
5 - DEGREES
6 - RADIANS
7 - MILLIMETRES
8 - MEGAJOULES
7 (降雨量单位为mm)
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
---------------------
NUMBER OF INDEPENDENT SPLINE VARIABLES (0 TO 10):
2 (2个独立变量:经度和纬度)
NUMBER OF INDEPENDENT COVARIATES (0 TO 8):
1 (一个协变量:高程)
NUMBER OF SURFACE SPLINE VARIABLES (0 TO 7):
0
NUMBER OF SURFACE COVARIATES (0 TO 7):
0
TRANSFORMATION CODES REFERENCE UNIT CODES
-------------------- --------------------
0 - NO TRANSFORMATION 0 - UNDEFINED
1 - X/A 1 - METRES
2 - X*A 2 - FEET
3 - A*LOG(X + B) 3 - KILOMETRES
4 - (X/B)**A 4 - MILES
5 - A*EXP(X/B) 5 - DEGREES
6 - A*TANH(X/B) 6 - RADIANS
7 - ANISOTROPY ANGLE 7 - MILLIMETRES
8 - ANISOTROPY FACTOR 8 - MEGAJOULES
LOWER & UPPER LIMITS, TRANSF CODE, REF UNIT, MARGIN(S) FOR VARIABLE 1:
-0.130798E+07 0.158602E+07 0 1 (第一个变量范围(经度):xmin xmax 是否转换 单位)
LOWER & UPPER LIMITS, TRANSF CODE, REF UNIT, MARGIN(S) FOR VARIABLE 2:
0.255719E+07 0.387719E+07 0 1 (第二个变量范围(纬度):ymin ymax 是否转换 单位)
LOWER & UPPER LIMITS, TRANSF CODE, REF UNIT, MARGIN(S) FOR VARIABLE 3:
-8.00000 6954.00 1 1 (协变量范围(高程):Hmin Hmax 是否转换 单位)
ENTER 1 TRANSFORMATION COEFFICIENT(S):
1000.00 (把米转换成千米)
SURFACE DIRECTIVES
------------------
DEPENDENT VARIABLE TRANSFORMATION:
0 - NO TRANSFORMATION
1 - NATURAL LOGARITHM
2 - SQUARE ROOT
0 (降雨量是否转换)(据说平方后误差会减少,大家是怎么做的)
ORDER OF SPLINE (AT LEAST 2):
3 (样条次数最小为2)
NUMBER OF SURFACES (AT LEAST 1):
1 (输出表面个数)
NUMBER OF RELATIVE VARIANCES (0 OR 1):
0
OPTIMIZATION DIRECTIVE (NORMALLY 1):
0 - COMMON SMOOTHING PARAMETER FOR ALL SURFACES
1 - COMMON SMOOTHING DIRECTIVE FOR ALL SURFACES
2 - DIFFERENT SMOOTHING DIRECTIVE FOR EACH SURFACE
1
SMOOTHING DIRECTIVE (NORMALLY 1):
0 - FIXED SMOOTHING PARAMETER FOR EACH SURFACE
1 - MINIMIZE GCV FOR EACH SURFACE
2 - MINIMIZE TRUE MEAN SQUARE ERROR FOR EACH SURFACE
3 - FIXED SIGNAL FOR EACH SURFACE
1
DATA FILE NAME:
--------------
rain.dat (降雨数据)
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DATA POINTS (AT LEAST 7):
200 (略大于站点个数)
NO. OF CHARACTERS IN SITE LABEL (0 TO 20):
5 (站点号的字符数)
DATA FORMAT (LABEL, 3 INDEP VARS, 1 SURFACES, 0 REL VARIANCES):
(a5,2f12.5,f4.0,f11.6) (降水数据中各参数的格式说明)
OUTPUT LARGE RESIDUAL FILE NAME (BLANK IF NOT REQUIRED):
rain.res
OUTPUT OPTIMIZATION PARAMETERS FILE NAME (BLANK IF NOT REQUIRED):
rain.opt
OUTPUT SURFACE COEFFICIENTS FILE NAME (BLANK IF NOT REQUIRED):
rain.sur
OUTPUT DATA LIST FILE NAME (BLANK IF NOT REQUIRED):
rain.lis
OUTPUT ERROR COVARIANCE FILE NAME (BLANK IF NOT REQUIRED):
rain.cov
VALIDATION DATA FILE NAME (BLANK IF NOT REQUIRED):
-------------------------------------------------
然后在cmd下splina<splina.cmd>rain.log
以下是统计结果
SURFACE STATISTICS
------------------
SURF RHO ERROR SIGNAL SURF MEAN STD DEV
1 0.204E+19 114.2 63.8 1 1232.5 306.3
SURF GCV MSR VAR SURF RTGCV RTMSR RTVAR
1 0.167E+05 0.688E+04 0.107E+05 1 129. 83.0 104.
SURF MSE RTMSE
1 0.385E+04 62.0
SURF COVARIATES AND STANDARD ERRORS
1 181. 34.8
RANKED ROOT MEAN SQUARE RESIDUALS FOR ALL SURFACES
--------------------------------------------------
1 7 56287 421.
2 111 57776 379.
3 157 58437 268.
4 8 56374 266.
5 4 56187 220.
... ...... .....
第一个问题:看人家文献说可以通过这个统计结果来判断数据的好坏,这个怎么看?
第二个问题:以上数据是否有问题?
c:内插操作(lapgrd)↓
LAPGRD VERSION 4.2 31/10/01
COPYRIGHT AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
SURFACE FILE NAME:
-----------------
rain.sur (splina中生成的)
SURFACE TITLE = rain
SURFACE UNITS = mm
NUMBER OF SURFACES = 1
ORDER OF DERIVATIVE = 3
NUMBER OF KNOTS = 178
NUMBER OF SPLINE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES = 2
NUMBER OF INDEPENDENT COVARIATES = 1
VAR LOWER LIMIT UPPER LIMIT TRANSF UNITS MARGINS
1 -0.130798E+07 0.158602E+07 0 m 0.000 0.000
2 0.255719E+07 0.387719E+07 0 m 0.000 0.000
3 -8.00000 6954.00 1 m 0.000 0.000
TRANSFORMATION CONSTANT = 1000.00
SURFACE NUMBERS (0 T0 1):
1
TYPE OF SURFACE CALCULATION (0-1):
0 - SUMMARY STATISTICS ONLY
1 - ALL SURFACE VALUES
1
ERROR COVARIANCE FILE (BLANK IF NO ERRORS REQUIRED):
---------------------------------------------------
rain.cov (splina中生成的)
TYPE OF ERROR CALCULATION (0-4):
0 - STANDARD ERROR OF AVERAGE ONLY
1 - MODEL STANDARD ERRORS
2 - PREDICTION STANDARD ERRORS
3 - 95% MODEL CONFIDENCE INTERVALS
4 - 95% PREDICTION CONFIDENCE INTERVALS
2
MAXIMUM STANDARD ERROR (BLANK OR 1 STANDARD ERROR):
1
GRID SPECIFICATIONS
-------------------
POSITION OPTION (0 - AT CELL CORNERS, 1 - AT CELL CENTRES):
1
INDEX OF FIRST GRID VARIABLE (NORMALLY 1):
1
LOWER LIMIT, UPPER LIMIT AND SPACING OF FIRST GRID VARIABLE: (根据splina.sur确定)
-1307976.7000000 1586023.3000000 1000.000
INDEX OF SECOND GRID VARIABLE (NORMALLY 2):
2
LOWER LIMIT, UPPER LIMIT AND SPACING OF SECOND GRID VARIABLE: (根据splina.sur确定)
2557194.4000000 3877194.4000000 1000.000
NUMBER OF COLUMNS = 2894
NUMBER OF ROWS = 1320
INPUT INDEPENDENT VARIABLE GRIDS
--------------------------------
MODE OF MASK GRID (0-3):
0 - MASK GRID NOT SUPPLIED
1 - GENERIC MASK GRID
2 - ARC/INFO MASK GRID
3 - IDRISI MASK IMAGE
0
MODE OF 3RD INDEPENDENT VARIABLE (0-3):
0 - USER SUPPLIED CONSTANT
1 - GENERIC INDEPENDENT VARIABLE GRID
2 - ARC/INFO INDEPENDENT VARIABLE GRID
3 - IDRISI INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IMAGE
2
INPUT GRID FILE NAME:
dem.txt (ASCII格式的dem)
OUTPUT SURFACE GRIDS
--------------------
MODE OF OUTPUT GRIDS (0-3):
0 - X,Y,Z FORMAT
1 - GENERIC GRID BY ROWS
2 - ARC/INFO GRID
3 - IDRISI IMAGE
2
SPECIAL VALUE FOR OUTPUT GRIDS:
-9999.00
NAME OF OUTPUT GRID FILE FOR SURFACE 1:
rain.grd
OUTPUT ARC/INFO GRID FORMAT (BLANK FOR BINARY):
(f11.6)
OUTPUT ERROR GRIDS
------------------
MODE OF OUTPUT GRIDS (0-3):
0 - X,Y,Z FORMAT
1 - GENERIC GRID BY ROWS
2 - ARC/INFO GRID
3 - IDRISI IMAGE
2
SPECIAL VALUE FOR OUTPUT GRIDS:
-9999.00
NAME OF OUTPUT GRID FILE FOR SURFACE 1:
rain-cov.grd
OUTPUT ARC/INFO GRID FORMAT (BLANK FOR BINARY):
(f11.6)
然后在cmd下lapgrd<lapgrd.cmd>lapgrd.log
这是lapgrd.log附带的插值统计结果↓
LAPGRD SUMMARY STATISTICS
-------------------------
OUTPUT SURFACE AND ERROR GRIDS FOR SURFACE 1
NUMBER OF CELLS = 0 MEAN ERROR = 0.0
MINIMUM ERROR = 0.10E+21 MAXIMUM ERROR = -0.10E+21
MINIMUM VALUE = 0.100E+21 MAXIMUM VALUE = -0.100E+21
MEAN SURF VALUE = 0.00 STANDARD ERROR = 0.0
从lapgrd的结果看,有问题,但不知道是什么问题,如果有做过的能指导一下最好,如果有正在做的,大家可以一起探讨下,谢谢
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